Analysis of Team Nursing Delivery Model

Analysis of Team Nursing Delivery Model Jee Hae Kim History of Team Nursing Team nursing started from the 1950s to improve nursing services by using the knowledge and skills of professional nurses and to supervise the increasing numbers of supporting nursing staff. The result was an improvement in patient and staff satisfaction. This try requires critical leadership and good communication skills to bring several nurses together, led by a leader, to work cooperatively to deliver a better nursing care than possible with individual nurses working alone (Dobson, Adamson, and Drexler, 2007). Experiences of nurses delivering care in teams have been explored from the perspective of nurses, team leaders and nurse managers (Ferguson and Cioffi, 2011). The model used a group of nurses with diversity in education, skills and professional registration status (Fairbrother, Jones, Rivas, 2010). From 1960s to 1970s, it was the golden age of team nursing. Applying humanistic values in the workplace became increasingly important during this period (Tiedeman Lookinland, 200 4 cited in Fairbrother, et.al, 2010) and the team approach seemed to account for the whole patient (as primary nursing had done) within the context of a multi-level skill mix and responsibility mix environment. What personnel are utilized? what are their roles and responsibilities? Team nursing consists of a charge nurse leading nursing assistants and other personnel to provide care to a group of patients. Health care professionals work in a team to complete all assignments for each shift. As registered nurses, charge nurses are held accountable for unlicensed personnel. In the team nursing RN functions as a team leader and coordinates the small group (no more than four or five) of ancillary personnel to provide care to a small group of patients. As coordinator of the team, the RN must know the condition and needs of all patients assigned to the team and plan for the individualized care for each patient. (Marquis and Huston, 2003) The team leader is also responsible for encouraging a cooperative environment and maintaining clear communication among all team members. The team leader’s duties include planning care, assigning duties, directing and assisting team members, giving direct patient care, teaching and coordinating patient activities. How is the work coordinated? Patient care is delivered through the coordination and cooperation of each team member through delegation of assignments with respect to the team member’s level of responsibility and accountability. Delegation of patients and duties are done at the beginning of the shift, while a summary of care given and outcomes resulting from patient care is conveyed at the end. Any action that is done by unlicensed assistive personnel, nursing aid or nurse volunteer is the responsibility and accountability of the team leader, the registered nurse. The team leader assigns each member specific responsibilities dependent on the role. The members of the team report directly to the team leader, who then reports to the charge nurse or unit manager. Communication is enhanced through the use of written patient assignments, the development of nursing care plans, and the use of regularly scheduled team conferences to discuss the patient status and formulate revisions to the plan of care. However, for team nursing to succeed, the team leader must have strong clinical skills, good communication skills, delegation ability, decision-making ability, and the ability to create a cooperative working environment. What are the reporting relationships? For nurses, the benefits have been identified as improved working relationships increased ability to share and work together and availability of a shared network. However, some issues identified with team nursing have been inadequate preparation for team nursing. For example, there is an increased responsibility for registered nurses particularly when in the role of team leader, unfair and uneven workloads leading to overburdening of staff and confusion around roles and responsibilities in the team (Furguson Cioffi, 2011). Team leaders reported that their job satisfaction improved particularly through enhanced relationships and seeing staff develop. These findings clearly indicate gains for both patients and staff can be made with team nursing. From the perspective of nurse managers, findings show relationships for patients, relatives and staff improved, staff morale and motivation increased and communications improved (Furguson Cioffi, 2011). What are the educational requirements for the various positions? The managers who implemented team nursing identified retrospectively that more information and educational support is essential. As little is currently known about nurse managers’ experiences with team nursing this study explored and described managers’ experiences of team nursing (Furguson Cioffi, 2011). Discuss how team nursing model affects or influences cost, quality of care and patient satisfaction When nursing units are inadequately staffed, the consequences include higher costs and poorer outcomes for patients and nurses. Overall costs are reduced when nurses are retained, which is more likely in healthy environments that support professional nursing practice and nurses’ health and work-life balance (O’Brienà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Pallas, Meyer, Hayes, Wang, 2011). According to research related to team nursing experiment, the team nurses found that 62% of patients were very satisfied about their care. After three weeks of implementing team nursing care, patient satisfaction data were again collected daily for one month. These data revealed that 91% of patients were very satisfied with the care they received (Snide Nailon, 2013). How is the availability of resources taken into consideration when adopting this model? Main findings show nurse managers’ experiences of team nursing focused on the adaptation to team nursing with its associated gains and concerns. Managers identified that similar factors had precipitated the change to team nursing within their ward areas and it was acknowledged the implementation process needed to be better planned to include collaboration with staff, clear protocols and roles for teams. How does the delivery model affect job satisfaction? The results indicated that RNs were significantly happier at work than any of the other staff categories at both baseline and follow up. When considering the direction of change in job satisfaction (i.e. baseline vs follow up) by staff category, small net negative changes were noticed for RNs and positive changes were noted for the other three groups. The proportionally largest change was detected among new graduate RNs, whose mean scores were markedly improved at follow up. This difference was marginally statistically significant. A statistically significant result was unlikely to be obtainable with the small numbers of new graduates surveyed (Fairbrother, et.al, 2010). This supports that teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœbased models can improve patient safety, quality of care and the work environment. Summarize the pros and cons of team nursing care delivery model. The advantage of team nursing is that the total number of absences and leaves related to over-work and medical conditions related to stress and fatigue is lessened. This is due to the sharing of workload between each team members, enabling them to do a huge amount of work in such a short time without undue exertion. This delegation of duties will also enable team members to hone their skills in different nursing tasks, and also improve their ability to communicate and coordinate. Each can also learn from each other during team conference while discussing on ways how to go about in caring for different patients. Once the team has established themselves as members and not as individuals each would feel that they belong thereby increasing nurse morale. This in turn would improve the quality of care each would give to the clients, leading to better patient satisfaction. Each will realize each team member’s role in caring is important for the client, minimizing the barrier between each profession. By the way, a lack of communication can be occurred in team nursing due to the shared work load. If team members are constantly being re-shuffled, the continuity of care can be interrupted, leading to patient dissatisfaction. Patients are more likely to become uncomfortable with numerous team members providing care, as this can be distracting. References Dobson, C., Adamson, N. and Drexler, D. (2007). Medicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsurgical unit team nursing: Description challenges and measurement in a complex system. Nurse Leader, 5(3):55à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ60 Fairbrother, G., Jones, A., Rivas, K. (2010). Changing model of nursing care from individual patient allocation to team nursing in the acute inpatient environment. Contemporary Nurse, 35(2), 202-220. Ferguson, L., Cioffi, J. (2011). Team nursing: experiences of nurse managers in acute care settings. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing. ND, 28(4), 5-11. O’Brienà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Pallas, L., Meyer, R. M., Hayes, L. J., Wang, S. (2011). The Patient Care Delivery Model–an open system framework: conceptualization, literature review and analytical strategy. Journal of clinical nursing, 20(11à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 12), 1640-1650. Snide, J., Nailon, R. (2013). Nursing Staff Innovations Result in Improved Patient Satisfaction. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 113(10), 42-50.

Mcbride Financial Services Marketing Plan Essay

The firm will specialize in conventional, FHA, and VA loans for home purchasing and refinancing. The company intends to expand its operations into Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota. † (McBride Financial Services website, 2003) According to their intranet site, McBride’s target market is: 1. Professionals purchasing either a primary or secondary residence. 2. Retirees purchasing a primary or secondary residence. 3. Families and/or individuals purchasing recreational properties. This document will review McBride Financial Services’ existing marketing approach and offer suggestions for focusing market research and what types of media to use. Additionally a review will be made of McBride’s target market and how the existing strategy relates to the marketing principles of the 4Ps and SIVA. Target Market McBride’s target market is professionals and retirees purchasing a primary of secondary residence as well as individuals or families looking to purchase recreational properties. They service the following states: Idaho, Wyoming, Montana and North and South Dakota. In addition, McBride is focusing on using state of the art technology in order to be able to offer their low cost mortgage services which means that the target market must also be willing and able to conduct are large portion of the mortgage application transaction using electronic means, i. e. Internet and email. Media types McBride’s current marketing plan, as listed on their intranet site, includes the use of the following media types: localized TV ads, newspapers, radio and realtors in addition to informational handouts available at airports and major tourist attractions. McBride’s annual advertising budget is $80,000. Given that McBride utilizes technology to reduce the cost of the mortgage application process, it is surprising that the existing marketing plan does not include an online advertising strategy. 4Ps The 4Ps are product, price, promotion and place. McBride’s product is low cost conventional, FHA and VA mortgages. The price for a credit report, the mortgage application, an inspection and appraisal is fixed at $1,500. Promotions are created through the above mentioned media types of TV, radio, newspapers and realtors and through informational handouts at the airports and at tourist attractions. The placement for the application process is via McBride’s website. Marketing Strategy The SIVA marketing methodology is defined as solution, information, value and access. According to Dev and Schultz (2005) this approach to marketing starts with understanding the market and the customers based on true and deep customer insights and then identify and clarify what customer’s value. Market research needs to be focused on identifying customer’s core wants and needs from a mortgage lender so that targeted value propositions can be created. McBride needs to adjust or change their services to align with the marketing research results. Additionally, McBride needs to focus on gaining insight from existing customers as to how to improve their services as well as potentially tapping that customer base for referral, perhaps by creating an incentive for existing customer’s to bring in new clients. Put another way, the market research should investigate McBride’s target market of professionals, retirees, individuals and families to create a solution (S) based on what those customer’s value. That solution can in turn be used to create multiple targeted value propositions (I) highlighting how McBride’s services address the needs and wants of their customers. McBride then delivers on the value proposition as determined by customer needs and wants gained in the research (V). The value is measured through both market research on potential customers and through feedback loops from existing customer’s so that solutions can continually evolve to better meet the needs of the target markets.

Persuasive Essay On Vegetarians - 1390 Words

Not many believe that vegetarians can remain healthy. Most believe someday they will give in to meat. Many coaches or parents fear their teenager is going to collapse on the field or pass out in the middle of a test because they will become dangerously unhealthy with a vegetarian diet. Some worry their elderly parent will die from fragile bones; being too weak to even move. There are risks for those following a vegetarian diet, but there are ways to remain healthy, it’s just remembering what nutrients the body needs. The majority of vegetarians are kids ages 8-18, with 8%.(Stahler). Only 3.2% of adults are vegetarian (â€Å"Vegetarianism in America†). Many adults believe that vegetarians have eating disorders and can lead to anorexia, or†¦show more content†¦Foods like broccoli, kale, bok choy, okra, almonds (Top 10). In fact, an elderly person, on a vegetarian diet, is usually healthier that an omnivore. Vitamin B12 is found in poultry, eggs, and milk. Because vitamin B12 is found in animal products most vegans take a vitamin B12 supplement and another switch to soy milk. Vitamin B12 is important because without a good amount B12 the body will change its ability to make red blood cells, which leads to anemia. If Anemia is not treated it could leave permanent damage to the body (Mercola). It’s also tricky to diagnose. Many elderly are misdiagnosed when they have symptoms such as depression, fatigue, dizziness, neurological damage, and anemia (Andersen-Parrado). Vegetari ans still suffer from vitamin B12 deficiency even when B12 can be found in other animal products that don’t consist of meat. Iron deficiency, like the B12 deficiency, can lead to anemia. With a low amount of iron, iron can’t make enough red blood cells which cause anemia because of the little about of hemoglobin. When there is a low amount of red blood cells the heart has to work harder, making the body extremely tired and weak. 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